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Sandwich Theories for Pascal Distribution–Related Univalent Functions

Fatma Z. El-Emam, Samar M. Madian

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Source: Crossref

Published: Jan 1, 2026

DOI: 10.1155/ijmm/1572061

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Source abstract

This paper investigates differential subordination and superordination for univalent functions, emphasizing operators derived from the Pascal distribution. Motivated by the limited existing results using this operator, the study establishes new sandwich‐type theorems. Explicit forms of optimal dominant and subordinant functions are determined, and the main results are presented through theorems supported by illustrative corollaries. By combining subordination and superordination techniques, concise sandwich‐type outcomes are obtained. Potential extensions to multivalent functions are also discussed, suggesting directions for future research.

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