Experimental realizations of information engines: Beyond proof of concept

Source abstract

Abstract Gathering information about a system enables greater control over it. This principle lies at the core of information engines, which use measurement-based feedback to rectify thermal noise and convert information into work. Originating from Maxwell's and Szilard's thought experiments, the thermodynamics of information engines has steadily advanced, with recent experimental realizations pushing the field forward. Coupled with technological advances and developments in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, novel implementations of information engines continue to challenge theoretical understanding. In this perspective, we discuss recent progress and highlight new opportunities, such as applying information engines to active, many-body, and inertial systems and leveraging tools like optimal control to design their driving protocols.