A two-step supercongruence for an Apéry-like sequence

Source abstract

Let $G_n=\sum_{k=0}^n4^k\binom{2n-2k}{n-k}^{2}\binom{2k}{k}$. Zhi-Hong Sun conjectured that, for primes $p\equiv3\pmod4$, positive odd integers $m$, and $r\ge2$, the two-step congruence $G_{(mp^r-1)/2}\equiv p^2G_{(mp^{r-2}-1)/2}\pmod {p^{2r-1}}$ holds. We prove the stronger valuation statement $G_{(p^2M-1)/2}-p^2G_{(M-1)/2}\in p^{2v_p(M)+3}\mathbb Z_p$ for every positive odd $M$. The proof converts the sum to a terminating ${}_3F_2$, constructs a cancelled digit-transfer operator, and identifies a two-dimensional analytic quotient of its cubic difference operator. The quotient operator has characteristic polynomial $X^2-p^2$; its second trace is evaluated through the Gross--Koblitz formula and Greene's finite-field Dixon identity. A logarithmic-loss Green inverse converts this spectral identity into an actual integral analytic primitive. The exceptional prime $3$ requires a finite exact PARI/GP certificate, while the infinite tail is bounded symbolically. Thus the computation is finite, reproducible, and separated from the uniform part of the proof.