The latent energy remaining in a metal after cold working

Source abstract

Abstract Measurements of the latent energy remaining in metal rods after severe twisting are described. Very much more cold work can be done on a metal in torsion than in direct tension. It is found that as the total amount of cold work which has been done on a specimen increases the proportion which is absorbed decreases. Though saturation was not fully reached even with twisted rods, curves representing the experimental results for copper indicate that it would have been reached at a plastic strain very little greater than the strain at fracture. The amount of cold work necessary to saturate copper with latent energy at 15° C. is thus found to be slightly greater than 14 calories per gram. By using compression instead of torsion, it was found possible to do much more cold work on copper than this, and compression tests revealed the fact that the compressive stress increases with increasing strain till the total applied cold work was equivalent to 15 calories per gram. No further rise in compressive stress occurred with further compression even though the specimen was compressed till its height was only 1/53rd of its original height.