On a conjecture of King-Tollu-Toumazet for rectangular Kostka coefficients

Source abstract

A conjecture of King, Tollu and Toumazet predicts the behavior of small Littlewood--Richardson coefficients under stretching: if $c^ν_{λ,μ}=3$, then $c^{Mν}_{Mλ,Mμ}$ equals $2M+1$ or $\binom{M+2}{2}$ for every positive integers $M$. This corresponds to the Hilbert functions of a conic, or of the projective plane. We prove their conjecture for all rectangular Kostka coefficients $K_{λ,\mathbf{a}}$. We realize them as the weight multiplicities of the homogeneous coordinate ring of the Grassmannian $\mathrm{Gr}(k,n)$, or equivalently the weight spaces of semi-invariants of the $n$-subspace quiver with dimension vector $β=(k,1,1,\dotsc,1)$. For a weight $σ$, we show that if $β$ is $σ$-stable, then the dimension of the corresponding weight space is at least $n-2$ when $k=2$ and at least $4$ for every Grassmannian other than $\mathrm{Gr}(2,4)$, $\mathrm{Gr}(2,5)$ and $\mathrm{Gr}(3,5)$. These three cases are precisely when the associated moduli space of $σ$-stable representations has dimension at most two. Via $σ$-stable decomposition, the two alternatives are determined as follows: $2M+1$ for $\mathrm{Gr}(2,4)$, and $\binom{M+2}{2}$ for $\mathrm{Gr}(2,5)$ and $\mathrm{Gr}(3,5)$.