MERCATOR PROJECTION ON THE SPHERE, A DEDUCTION WITHOUT MATHEMATICAL GAP
Isaac Ramos, Andréa de Seixas, Silvio Jacks dos Anjos Garnés, Lucas Gonzales Lima Pereira Calado
Source record
Source: Crossref
Published: Jun 21, 2025
DOI: 10.36517/rm2025.e24014
Open original source ↗Source abstract
Map projection is the mathematical process of converting the Earth's surface, considered as a sphere or an ellipsoid, into a map. This conversion is performed by projecting the Earth's points onto a surface, which can be a plane, a cone, or a cylinder. Its basic objective is to develop a mathematical basis for creating maps, essential in areas such as cartography, geodesy, and navigation. It would be ideal if all maps were isometric, but for large areas, the curvature of the Earth makes it impossible, causing distortions. For the reasons above, the mathematics behind map projection is complex, but it is important to understand it. Among the most varied types, the Mercator projection, created by Gerard Mercator in 1569, is a conformal cylindrical projection, widely used in navigation, as it represents the rhumb lines on the map as straight lines, but, despite preserving angles, it generates other distortions. The objective of this article is to present a complete mathematical derivation of the Mercator projection on the sphere, avoiding simplifications and omissions as much as possible. As an application, the deduced equations will be used to implement a visualization of the continents in Python.Keywords: Mathematical Cartography, Mapping, Cylindrical Conformal Projection.
Evidence graph
No public relationships recorded yet.
Integrity note: This page is a factual metadata record created by deterministic ingestion. It is not a claim that the work moves a mathematical frontier or has been independently verified.