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Asian Option Pricing Formulas for Uncertain Financial Markets Based on the Exponential Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Model

Xiangqian Yin, Zijun Jia

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Published: May 2, 2026

DOI: 10.3390/math14091545

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Source abstract

This paper investigates pricing formulas for geometric average and arithmetic average Asian call and put options under an uncertain exponential Ornstein–Uhlenbeck stock model. Employing the α-path technique from uncertainty theory, we derive closed-form integral representations for all four option types and rigorously establish their monotonicity properties with respect to the strike price, interest rate, time to expiration, and initial stock price. A comparative analysis with Liu’s standard uncertain stock model and a discussion of the option Greeks are also provided. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the practical applicability of the proposed formulas.

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Asian Option Pricing Formulas for Uncertain Financial Markets Based on the Exponential Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Model — Mathematical Frontier Network