Ricci curvature of semigroup walks on graphs and generator representations

Source abstract

We present an operator-theoretic framework for the Ollivier--Ricci curvature of (one-parameter families of) random walks generated by positive semigroups on graphs. On a metrically complete graph $(G,d)$ that is $d$-locally finite, we introduce a class of admissible semigroup random walks whose infinitesimal first-order approximation is itself a random walk. We prove that the Ollivier--Ricci curvature of an admissible semigroup random walk is well-defined and completely determined by its first-order approximation. We then establish a variational representation of the curvature of random walks in terms of a notion of the initial-time generator. This representation applies in particular to admissible semigroup random walks. Finally, we use this representation to define an operator-theoretic Ollivier--Ricci curvature for operators acting on spaces of functions over general metric spaces and establish sufficient conditions for well-definedness. This framework contains, in particular, Markovian random walks associated with discrete Laplacians.