Direction Curves Associated with Bishop-Type Framed Curves

Source abstract

This paper investigates to contribute to the theory of curves by examining direction curves associated with Bishop-type framed frames in three- and four-dimensional Euclidean spaces. In this context, the classical framework of differential geometry is combined with the more flexible structure of framed curves, which allows the investigation of curves admitting singular points. After presenting the fundamental concepts related to Bishop frames, framed curves, and their corresponding curvature functions, direction curves generated by the integral curves of the Bishop-type frame vector fields are introduced. For these associated curves, the Frenet frames and curvature functions are explicitly obtained in terms of the invariants of the original framed curve. Furthermore, special curve classes such as general helices and slant helices are characterized within this setting. In particular, the conditions under which a framed curve is a slant helix are related to the general helix property of its corresponding direction curve. The results provide a systematic relationship between Bishop-type framed curves and their associated direction curves, thereby extending classical direction curve theory to framed curves in both three- and four-dimensional Euclidean spaces.