Cluster type smooth Fano threefolds

Source abstract

We prove that most rational smooth Fano threefolds are compactifications of $\mathbb{G}_m^3$. More precisely, we study which smooth Fano threefolds are cluster type, i.e., for which smooth Fano threefolds $X$ one can find a boundary $B\in |-K_X|$ and an embedding $\mathbb{G}_m^3\hookrightarrow X\setminus B$. We prove that many important classes of smooth Fano threefolds are cluster type. For instance, a smooth Fano threefold which is the blow-up of either $\mathbb{P}^3$ or $\mathbb{Q}^3$ and is general in its deformation space is of cluster type. As a consequence, we show that among the $105$ families parametrizing all smooth Fano threefolds, the general element of precisely $87$ families is of cluster type. We prove that a general prime smooth Fano threefold of genus $7$ is not of cluster type. This is the only family whose general element is rational but not of cluster type. Finally, we prove that cluster type projective klt varieties are cylindrical and we give a criterion for such a cylinder to be anticanonically polar. Using this, we reduce the cylindricity problem for smooth Fano threefolds to the families $\mathcal{N}^{\mathrm{o}}\,1.3$, $\mathcal{N}^{\mathrm{o}}\,1.5$, and $\mathcal{N}^{\mathrm{o}}\,1.6$.