Improved Weyl bounds on short intervals

Source abstract

For an integer $d\ge 3$, put $Δ_d=\min{2^{d-1},d(d-1)}$. Let $a/q$ be reduced, let $P(X)=\frac{a}{q}X^d+α_{d-1}X^{d-1}+\cdots+α_0$, and let $\mathcal{I}$ be an interval of $H\le q$ consecutive integers. We prove $\left|\sum_{n\in\mathcal{I}}e(P(n))\right|\ll_{d,\varepsilon}q^{1/d}H^\varepsilon+H^{1-1/Δ_d+\varepsilon}$. Consequently, for every prime $p>d$, every degree-$d$ polynomial $P\in\mathbb{F}p[X]$, and every interval $\mathcal{I}$ of $H$ consecutive integers with $p^{1/d}<H<p^{1/(d-1)}$, writing $H^d/p=H^u$, one has $\left|\sum{n\in\mathcal{I}}e_p(P(n))\right|\ll_{d,\varepsilon}H^{1-\min{u/d,1/Δ_d}+\varepsilon}$. This strictly improves throughout the full natural short-interval window the best generic estimate obtained by combining classical Weyl differencing with the optimal Vinogradov mean value theorem.