What Drives Economic Growth across European Countries? A Multimodal Approach
Larissa M. Batrancea, Mehmet Ali Balcı, Ömer Akgüller, Lucian Gaban
Source abstract
This research study examines the factors that determined economic growth measured by gross domestic product, gross value added, final consumption expenditure of households, and gross fixed capital formation across a sample of 36 European countries during the time frame Q3 2018−Q3 2021. We conducted a panel data analysis with the first-difference generalized method of moments (GMM) approach and cross-section fixed effects. Empirical results estimated with four econometric models indicated a significant robust impact of the independent variables exports, imports, foreign direct investment inflow, foreign direct investment outflow, social contributions, and wages on economic growth proxies. In addition, multiplex network analysis was used to investigate the connection architectures of the 36 countries, and it yielded statistical measurements for all layers in the multi-layered structure. Relevant policy implications of reported empirical results are also addressed.
Evidence graph
No public relationships recorded yet.
Integrity note: This page is a factual metadata record created by deterministic ingestion. It is not a claim that the work moves a mathematical frontier or has been independently verified.