A Study of Forced Convection in Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluids Embedded in a Heated Cylinder Within a Hexagonal Enclosure by Finite Element Method
Md. Noor-A-Alam Siddiki, Saiful Islam, Mahtab U. Ahmmed, Md Farhad Hasan, Md. Mamun Molla
Source abstract
Nanofluids have the proven capacity to significantly improve the thermal efficiency of a heat exchanging system due to the presence of conductive nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to simulate the forced convection on a non-Newtonian hybrid with a nanofluid (Al2O3-TiO2-H2O) in a hexagonal enclosure by the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM). The physical model is a hexagonal enclosure in two dimensions, containing a heated cylinder embedded at the center. The bottom, middle left, and right walls of the enclosure are all considered cold (Tc), while the top wall is considered to be moving, and the remaining middle, upper left, and right walls have the adiabatic condition. The Prandtl number (Pr = 6.2), Reynolds number (Re = 50, 100, 300 and 500), power law index (n = 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4), volume fractions of nanoparticles (ϕ = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04), and Hartmann numbers (Ha = 0, 10, 20 and 30) are considered in the model. The findings are explained in terms of sensitivity tests and statistical analysis for various Re numbers, n, and Ha numbers employing streamlines, isotherms, velocity profiles, and average Nusselt numbers. It is observed that the inclusion of ϕ improves the convective heat transfer at the surging values of Re. However, if the augmenting heat transfer requires any control mechanism, integrating a non-zero Ha number is found to stabilize the system for the purpose of thermal efficacy.
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