Hedetniemi's Conjecture for Uncountable Complementary Graphs

Source abstract

We study the complementary version of Hedetniemi's problem for infinite graphs. We prove that if a graph $G$ and its complement $\overline{G}$ are both uncountably chromatic while their categorical product is countably chromatic, then $|V(G)|=ω_1$. Assuming $\diamondsuit$, we construct a graph $G$ on $ω_1$ such that $χ(G)=χ(\overline{G})=ω_1$ and $χ(G\times\overline{G})=ω$; the construction uses two suitably chosen minimal Countryman lines. We also define a c.c.c. forcing of cardinality $ω_1$ that adds a graph with the same properties. It remains open whether ZFC alone proves the existence of such a graph.