Direct Hilbert--Schmidt Analysis of Conformable Fractional Boundary Value Problems: Full-Range Uniqueness and Comparison of Fixed-Point Criteria

Source abstract

This study develops a direct Hilbert--Schmidt analysis for classical and sequential conformable fractional boundary value problems arising in fixed-point formulations. For the classical problem of order $\gamma\in(1,2]$, factorizing the Green kernel before squaring preserves a cancellation that is lost in termwise estimates. This yields the exact expression $\mathcal H_1=(b-a)^{2\gamma}/(3\gamma(4\gamma^2-1))$, which is finite for every $\gamma>1$ and shows that the apparent singularity at $\gamma=3/2$ in the previously used representation is removable. Combined with a uniform kernel estimate and Rus's two-metric fixed point theorem, the result extends the corresponding uniqueness criterion to the full natural range $\gamma\in(1,2]$. We also prove that this Hilbert--Schmidt criterion is strictly less restrictive than the Banach contraction criterion throughout that interval. For the sequential conformable kernel, we derive a compact closed form for the squared Hilbert--Schmidt norm, establish the exact square-integrability threshold $\delta>1/4$, and determine analytically the crossover order $\delta^*=(\sqrt{65}-5)/8$ between the Hilbert--Schmidt and Banach-type bounds. Numerical comparisons quantify the improvement in the admissible Lipschitz constant, and a nonlinear example with $\gamma=1.25$ demonstrates a regime in which the Banach condition fails while the full-range two-metric criterion guarantees uniqueness. The results show that preserving cancellation in singular-looking Green kernels can materially sharpen fixed-point criteria for fractional boundary value problems.