Bipartite solutions of the set-theoretic Yang--Baxer equation

Source abstract

We introduce a new class of unitary set-theoretic Yang--Baxter solutions, called \emph{bipartite} solutions. This class, which is purely combinatorial in nature, forms a full subcategory of $\mathcal{LYB}$, the category of Lyubashenko type solutions of Agore, Chirvasitu and the author, and is particularly amenable to explicit classification results. We give an intrinsic necessary and sufficient condition for a solution of the Yang--Baxter equation to be isomorphic to a bipartite solution, we settle the isomorphism problem within this class and, as an application, we determine their automorphism groups. If $X$ is a finite set with $|X| = n$, the number of isomorphism classes of bipartite solutions on $X$ is $\lfloor n/2 \rfloor + 1 + \sum_{m=2}^{n} \bigl( o(m, n-m) - 1 \bigr)$, where $o(m, k)$ denotes the number of orbits of the symmetric group $S_m$ acting by conjugation on the $k$-element multisets of elements of $S_m$. The paper also offers a comparative study: for small $|X| = n$ we count, up to isomorphism, all set-theoretic Yang--Baxter solutions on $X$, together with five distinguished families of solutions. Throughout the range we were able to compute, the class $\mathcal{LYB}$ accounts for a large share of all bijective and of all non-degenerate solutions, strikingly close to the total.