A two-dimensional swarmalator system with Winfree-type phase coupling

Source abstract

Swarmalators—entities that combine spatial aggregation with phase oscillations—exhibit rich collective behaviours due to the interplay of spatial movement and phase dynamics. In this work, we study a system of swarmalators in two dimensions, where phase interactions follow the classical Winfree coupling framework. By systematically varying the coupling strength and natural frequency distribution, we uncover a diverse array of emergent states, including sync, phase wave and async states. Our analysis reveals how Winfree-type interactions influence self-organization, leading to novel dynamical regimes distinct from those observed with conventional Kuramoto-type coupling. We statistically analyse the spatial distributions of the emerging states and use them to study the phase dynamics semi-analytically.