Fear and refuge effects in a three-species predator–prey–competitor model: insights from the Yellowstone wolf–elk–bison system

Soumya Das, Chandrima Talapatra, Sonali Sinha Roy, Suvankar Biswas

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Source: Crossref

Published: Sep 1, 2026

DOI: 10.1007/s12190-026-02883-z

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