Toric vector bundles and the number of zeros of vertical systems

Source abstract

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the specializations of a vertically parametrized polynomial system to attain the maximal number of complex nonzero solutions. To each vertical system, we attach a pair consisting of a projective simplicial toric variety and a toric vector bundle. The toric vector bundle allows for a homogenization of the polynomials in the Cox ring of the toric variety, providing a homogeneous ideal with the same zeros over the torus as the original system. We show that the maximal number of isolated solutions is attained if and only if this ideal has no solutions in the faces of the toric variety and prove that this happens for generic values of the parameters. In addition, we provide a novel formula for this generic number of zeros as an alternating sum of mixed volumes over a family of polytopes attached to the toric vector bundle.