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Data from the Effects of Congruent and Incongruent Perceptual Cues on Middle Schoolers’ Mathematical Performance, Learning, and Retention Study

Erin Ottmar, Puyuan Zhang, Ji-Eun Lee, Jeffrey K. Bye, Maegan A. Colbert, Alena Egorova, Shuqi Yu, Avery H. Closser, Caroline Byrd Hornburg

Source record

Source: Crossref

Published: Aug 13, 2025

DOI: 10.5334/jopd.139

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Source abstract

This paper presents datasets for a research project that investigated the individual and combined effects of two perceptual cues—spacing and color—under varying conditions of congruence with the order of operations. The datasets contain 1,100 6th-grade students’ data collected through a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2024 in a U.S. school district. All de-identified intervention data are openly available on the Open Science Framework. Additional datasets, including student demographics and assessment data, require a data sharing agreement. The data can be used by researchers interested in understanding perceptual learning mechanisms and improving online instructional materials for middle school mathematics.

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