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Degree‐Based Topological Indices of the Jacobson Graph of Zm×Zn×Zr

Ndago F. Omondi, Laithun Boro

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Source: Crossref

Published: Jan 1, 2026

DOI: 10.1155/jom/9453123

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Source abstract

Let R be a commutative ring with unity. The Jacobson graph of R is an undirected simple graph whose vertex set is R \ J ( R ), where J ( R ) is a Jacobson ideal of R , and for any distinct vertices x , y ∈ R \ J ( R ) are adjacent if and only if 1 − x y is not a unit of R . In this paper, we compute the degree‐based topological indices of the Jacobson graph such as the first and second Zagreb Indices, Product Connectivity Index, Sum Connectivity Index, Atom‐Bond‐Connectivity Index, Randic Index, Sombor Index, Geometric–Arithmetic Index and the Arithmetic–Geometric Index.

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