ALL IS NUMBER: PYTHAGORAS AND THE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE OF REALITY
Samit Deb, Soma Rani Das
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Source: Crossref
Published: Jun 1, 2026
DOI: 10.58532/nbennur3240c13
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This paper examines the central philosophical doctrine of “All is Number” in the thought of Pythagoras, arguing that mathematics for Pythagoras was not merely a descriptive tool but the ontological foundation of reality. The Pythagorean worldview conceives the cosmos as an ordered and intelligible whole governed by numerical relations, proportions, and harmony. Drawing from Pythagorean insights into geometry, musical ratios, and cosmology, the paper highlights how numbers function as metaphysical principles explaining unity, multiplicity, order, and change. The study further explores the ethical and spiritual dimensions of Pythagorean mathematics, where numerical harmony becomes a means of aligning the soul with cosmic order. By situating Pythagorean thought at the intersection of mathematics, metaphysics, and ethics, this paper demonstrates its enduring philosophical significance in shaping Western rationality and scientific thought.
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