Arithmetic Progressions in Midpoint Colourings

Source abstract

We introduce an asymmetric variant of a classic problem by Roth about colourings of integers and midpoints. The new problem cannot be solved with the standard approach by Erdös-Sárközy-Sós which uses symmetry. We describe a Fourier Analytic approach which gives asymptotically tight bounds. In the $\mathbb{F}_3^n$ setting, the density increment we show is efficient and together with the Freiman-Ruzsa Theorem provides an affine subspace of near optimal codimension within the distinguished set. This approach adopted to the setting of the integers from $1$ to $N$ via Bohr sets and Bogolyubov-Ruzsa Lemma gives a progression of length being a power of $N$ which only depends on the number of colours. We then use Chang's Lemma and Balog-Szemerédi-Gowers Theorem to further improve the dependence on the number of colours.