Implementation of Zoltan P. Dienes’ stages of mathematics learning in elementary school education

Source abstract

Mathematics is an important subject taught at every level of education because it plays a significant role in developing logical, critical, and systematic thinking skills. However, in the learning process at the elementary school level, many students still perceive mathematics as a difficult and less interesting subject. Therefore, an appropriate learning approach is needed to help students understand mathematical concepts in a more concrete and meaningful way This study aims to examine the application of Zoltán P. Dienes' learning theory in mathematics learning at the elementary school level. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data were obtained from various sources such as books and scientific journal articles, by analyzing 38 relevant articles related to mathematics learning and the use of learning media. The results of the study show that Dienes' learning theory emphasizes learning through play activities and the use of concrete objects so that students can understand mathematical concepts gradually from concrete to abstract. The stages of learning according to Dienes include free play, games with rules, searching for commonalities, representation, symbolization, and formalization. The implementation of these stages through learning media and educational games can increase students' learning motivation, engagement, and understanding of mathematical concepts. Thus, Dienes' theory can be an effective alternative strategy for mathematics learning that is in accordance with the cognitive development of elementary school students.