The Enumeration of Three Pattern Classes using Monotone Grid Classes

Source abstract

The structure of the three pattern classes defined by the sets of forbidden permutations $\{2143, 4321\}$, $\{2143, 4312\}$ and $\{1324, 4312\}$ is determined using the machinery of monotone grid classes. This allows the permutations in these classes to be described in terms of simple diagrams and regular languages and, using this, the rational generating functions which enumerate these classes are determined.