Motion helps the contact process: survival below the percolation threshold on Poisson Brownian motions

Source abstract

We consider the SIS contact process on a Poisson system of independent Brownian motions in $\mathbb{R}^d$ of intensity $η$. Two particles are in contact when their distance is at most $2r$. An infected particle transmits the infection to a susceptible particle in contact with it at rate $λ\in(0,\infty]$, and recovers at rate $μ\in(0,\infty]$, after which it is susceptible again. When $λ=\infty$, recovery acts only while a particle is isolated. Let $η_c^{\mathrm{B}}$ be the critical intensity of the static Boolean model, below which the contact graph has only finite components at every fixed time. We show that for $d\ge2$, with motion, at every intensity strictly below $η_c^{\mathrm{B}}$, the infection survives and spreads at positive speed once the recovery rate $μ$ is small enough, depending on the intensity; that is, started from a single infected particle, at time $t$ there is an infected particle at distance of order $t$ from the origin. In particular there exists $μ_\dagger>0$ such that $η_c(\infty,μ)<η_c^{\mathrm{B}}$ for every $μ<μ_\dagger$, and as $μ\downarrow0$ the set of intensities at which the infection survives extends to all of $(0,η_c^{\mathrm{B}})$. We also show that the critical density is positive at every recovery rate, with a lower bound that does not depend on the infection rate, and that for $d\ge2$, at every intensity and every finite infection rate, the infection survives and spreads at positive speed once $μ$ is small enough.