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A Complete Proof Of The Riemann Hypothesis Based On A New Expression Of ξ(s)\xi(s)

Weicun Zhang

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Source: Crossref

Published: Aug 31, 2022

DOI: 10.20944/preprints202108.0146.v20

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Based on the Hadamard product ξ(s)=ξ(0)∏ρ(1−sρ)\xi(s)= \xi(0)\prod_{\rho}(1-\frac{s}{\rho}), a new expression of ξ(s)\xi(s) is obtained by paring ρ\rho and ρˉ\bar{\rho} ξ(s)=ξ(0)∏i=1∞(βi2αi2+βi2+(s−αi)2αi2+βi2)di\xi(s)=\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}} where ξ(0)=12\xi(0)=\frac{1}{2}, ρi=αi+jβi\rho_i=\alpha_i+j\beta_i and ρˉi=αi−jβi\bar{\rho}_i=\alpha_i-j\beta_i are complex conjugate zeros of ξ(s)\xi(s), 0<αi<10<\alpha_i<1 and βi≠0\beta_i\neq 0 are real numbers, di≥1d_i\geq 1 are the multiplicities of ρi\rho_i, βi\beta_i are in order of increasing ∣βi∣|\beta_i|, i.e., ∣β1∣≤∣β2∣≤∣β3∣≤⋯|\beta_1|\leq|\beta_2|\leq|\beta_3|\leq \cdots. Then we have, by the functional equation ξ(s)=ξ(1−s)\xi(s)=\xi(1-s), that ξ(0)∏i=1∞(βi2αi2+βi2+(s−αi)2αi2+βi2)di=ξ(0)∏i=1∞(βi2αi2+βi2+(1−s−αi)2αi2+βi2)di\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}} =\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}} i.e., ∏i=1∞(1+(s−αi)2βi2)di=∏i=1∞(1+(1−s−αi)2βi2)di\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}=\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}} which, by Lemma 3, is further equivalent to (s−αi)2=(1−s−αi)2,i=1,2,3,...∞(s-\alpha_i)^2=(1-s-\alpha_i)^2, i =1,2,3,...\infty Comparing the like terms of the above polynomial equations, we have αi=12,i=1,2,3,...∞\alpha_i= \frac{1}{2}, i =1,2,3,...\infty Thus, we conclude that the Riemann Hypothesis is true.

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A Complete Proof Of The Riemann Hypothesis Based On A New Expression Of $\xi(s)$ — Mathematical Frontier Network