The influence of scholarship funding on the participation of students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics [STEM] doctoral programmes in selected universities in Kenya

Source abstract

Scholarship funding plays a critical role in supporting doctoral education, particularly in resource-constrained higher education systems where the cost of advanced research training can limit access for many students. In developing countries such as Kenya, scholarships serve as a key mechanism through which universities and funding agencies expand access to doctoral education and strengthen research capacity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This study examined the influence of scholarship funding on the participation of students in STEM doctoral programmes in selected universities in Kenya. This study is guided by Human Capital Theory and Resource Dependence Theory. The study adopted a mixed-methods research approach combining quantitative survey data with qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were collected from 210 STEM doctoral students, while qualitative data were obtained from departmental heads and doctoral candidates in participating universities. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of scholarship funding, and inferential analysis examined the relationship between scholarship support and students’ participation in doctoral programmes. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis to explore students’ experiences with scholarship funding. The findings revealed that scholarship funding significantly supports participation in STEM doctoral programmes by reducing financial barriers and enabling sustained academic engagement. Students who received scholarships reported greater ability to focus on research activities, meet programme milestones, and maintain consistent academic progress compared to those without financial support. Qualitative findings further showed that scholarships reduce financial stress, enhance motivation, and improve research productivity. The study concludes that expanding scholarship opportunities is essential for strengthening participation and retention in STEM doctoral programmes and for enhancing research capacity within Kenyan universities. The study recommends expanding scholarship opportunities, improving transparency of funding information, and prioritizing comprehensive support for research-intensive STEM doctoral programmes.