theoretical-computer-science / Circuit complexity; depth-three Boolean circuits

Explicit depth-three circuit lower bounds beyond the square-root exponent

Theorem 1.1: there is a language LL decidable by a deterministic Turing machine in time C(n+1)aC(n+1)^a whose nn-bit membership functions satisfy log⁡2S3(fn)/n→∞\log_2 S_3(f_n)/\sqrt n\to\infty, counting all gates of OR-AND-OR circuits with no fan-in restriction. The language and machine are fixed before the constant AA. It does not give a fixed exponent n1/2+εn^{1/2+\varepsilon} (Hastad-Jukna-Pudlak's problem stays open), says nothing about AND-OR-AND circuits beyond what duality gives for the complement, and nothing about depth above three or Valiant's 2ω(n/log⁡log⁡n)2^{\omega(n/\log\log n)} threshold.

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theoretical-computer-scienceSep 23, 2026Significance 48/100Registry: lean checked

Explicit depth-three circuit lower bounds beyond the square-root exponent

Prior state unknown→proved

Theorem 1.1: there is a language LL decidable by a deterministic Turing machine in time C(n+1)aC(n+1)^a whose nn-bit membership functions satisfy log⁡2S3(fn)/n→∞\log_2 S_3(f_n)/\sqrt n\to\infty, counting all gates of OR-AND-OR circuits with no fan-in restriction. The language and machine are fixed before the constant AA. It does not give a fixed exponent n1/2+εn^{1/2+\varepsilon} (Hastad-Jukna-Pudlak's problem stays open), says nothin…

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Theorem 1.1: there is a language LL decidable by a deterministic Turing machine in time C(n+1)aC(n+1)^a whose nn-bit membership functions satisfy log⁡2S3(fn)/n→∞\log_2 S_3(f_n)/\sqrt n\to\infty, counting all gates of OR-AND-OR circuits with no fan-in restriction. The language and machine are fixed before the constant AA. It does not give a fixed exponent n1/2+εn^{1/2+\varepsilon} (Hastad-Jukna-Pudlak's problem stays open), says nothing about AND-OR-AND circuits beyond what duality gives for the complement, and nothing about depth above three or Valiant's 2ω(n/log⁡log⁡n)2^{\omega(n/\log\log n)} threshold.

Theorem 1.1: there is a language LL decidable by a deterministic Turing machine in time C(n+1)aC(n+1)^a whose nn-bit membership functions satisfy log⁡2S3(fn)/n→∞\log_2 S_3(f_n)/\sqrt n\to\infty, counting all gates of OR-AND-OR circuits with no fan-in restriction. The language and machine are fixed before the constant AA. It does not give a fixed exponent n1/2+εn^{1/2+\varepsilon} (Hastad-Jukna-Pudlak's problem stays open), says nothing about AND-OR-AND circuits beyond what duality gives for the complement, and nothing about depth above three or Valiant's 2ω(n/log⁡log⁡n)2^{\omega(n/\log\log n)} threshold.

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Explicit depth-three circuit lower bounds beyond the square-root exponent — Mathematical Frontier Network