theoretical-computer-science / Algorithmic number theory, derandomization

Deterministic polynomial-time factorization of polynomials over prime fields

Theorem 1.1: a uniform deterministic algorithm computes the complete factorization (irreducible factors with multiplicities) of any nonzero dense f∈Fp[x]f\in\mathbb F_p[x] in O(((n+1)⌈log⁡2p⌉)1012)O(((n+1)\lceil\log_2 p\rceil)^{10^{12}}) bit operations, with no randomness, oracle or GRH. Theorem 1.2 (proved here, unconditional) does this given small auxiliary primes ℓ≡1(mod12q)\ell\equiv1\pmod{12q} with pp not a qqth power mod ℓ\ell; the odd-degree splitter uses Jacobians of cyclic curves Yq=F(X)Y^q=F(X) and norm equations in cyclic algebras. Small auxiliary primes are deduced from a uniform zero-free strip Re s>1−10−6\mathrm{Re}\,s>1-10^{-6} for all finite-order Hecke L-functions over cyclotomic fields containing μ12\mu_{12}, imported from the companion on primitive roots and not proved here. The exponent is not practical.

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theoretical-computer-scienceOct 4, 2026Significance 55/100Registry: unreviewed

Deterministic polynomial-time factorization of polynomials over prime fields

Prior state unknown→proved

Theorem 1.1: a uniform deterministic algorithm computes the complete factorization (irreducible factors with multiplicities) of any nonzero dense f∈Fp[x]f\in\mathbb F_p[x] in O(((n+1)⌈log⁡2p⌉)1012)O(((n+1)\lceil\log_2 p\rceil)^{10^{12}}) bit operations, with no randomness, oracle or GRH. Theorem 1.2 (proved here, unconditional) does this given small auxiliary primes ℓ≡1(mod12q)\ell\equiv1\pmod{12q} with pp not a qqth power mod ℓ\ell; the odd-degr…

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Theorem 1.1: a uniform deterministic algorithm computes the complete factorization (irreducible factors with multiplicities) of any nonzero dense f∈Fp[x]f\in\mathbb F_p[x] in O(((n+1)⌈log⁡2p⌉)1012)O(((n+1)\lceil\log_2 p\rceil)^{10^{12}}) bit operations, with no randomness, oracle or GRH. Theorem 1.2 (proved here, unconditional) does this given small auxiliary primes ℓ≡1(mod12q)\ell\equiv1\pmod{12q} with pp not a qqth power mod ℓ\ell; the odd-degree splitter uses Jacobians of cyclic curves Yq=F(X)Y^q=F(X) and norm equations in cyclic algebras. Small auxiliary primes are deduced from a uniform zero-free strip Re s>1−10−6\mathrm{Re}\,s>1-10^{-6} for all finite-order Hecke L-functions over cyclotomic fields containing μ12\mu_{12}, imported from the companion on primitive roots and not proved here. The exponent is not practical.

Theorem 1.1: a uniform deterministic algorithm computes the complete factorization (irreducible factors with multiplicities) of any nonzero dense f∈Fp[x]f\in\mathbb F_p[x] in O(((n+1)⌈log⁡2p⌉)1012)O(((n+1)\lceil\log_2 p\rceil)^{10^{12}}) bit operations, with no randomness, oracle or GRH. Theorem 1.2 (proved here, unconditional) does this given small auxiliary primes ℓ≡1(mod12q)\ell\equiv1\pmod{12q} with pp not a qqth power mod ℓ\ell; the odd-degree splitter uses Jacobians of cyclic curves Yq=F(X)Y^q=F(X) and norm equations in cyclic algebras. Small auxiliary primes are deduced from a uniform zero-free strip Re s>1−10−6\mathrm{Re}\,s>1-10^{-6} for all finite-order Hecke L-functions over cyclotomic fields containing μ12\mu_{12}, imported from the companion on primitive roots and not proved here. The exponent is not practical.

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Deterministic polynomial-time factorization of polynomials over prime fields — Mathematical Frontier Network