theoretical-computer-science / Algebraic complexity; arithmetic circuits for the Fourier transform

Does the exact discrete Fourier transform require order n log n operations in unrestricted linear circuits?

Principal (Theorem 1.1): in exact complex linear circuits with arbitrary prechosen coefficients, lim inf⁡nL(n)/(nlog⁡2n)=0\liminf_n L(n)/(n\log_2 n)=0, along lengths that are products of distinct primes, so the unrestricted Ω(nlog⁡n)\Omega(n\log n) lower bound is false. Companion (Theorem 1.1): one deterministic algorithm computes FnxF_nx at every length in O(n(log⁡n)θ(log⁡log⁡n)4−θ)O(n(\log n)^{\theta}(\log\log n)^{4-\theta}) operations with θ<1−10−13\theta<1-10^{-13}, counting scalar preparation and indexing, given one specified root of unity. Neither result concerns bounded coefficients (where Morgenstern's bound stands), numerical stability, bit complexity or finite fields, and the constants are astronomically large.

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theoretical-computer-scienceSep 25, 2026Significance 45/100Registry: lean checked

Does the exact discrete Fourier transform require order n log n operations in unrestricted linear circuits?

Prior state unknown→disproved

Principal (Theorem 1.1): in exact complex linear circuits with arbitrary prechosen coefficients, lim inf⁡nL(n)/(nlog⁡2n)=0\liminf_n L(n)/(n\log_2 n)=0, along lengths that are products of distinct primes, so the unrestricted Ω(nlog⁡n)\Omega(n\log n) lower bound is false. Companion (Theorem 1.1): one deterministic algorithm computes FnxF_nx at every length in O(n(log⁡n)θ(log⁡log⁡n)4−θ)O(n(\log n)^{\theta}(\log\log n)^{4-\theta}) operations with θ<1−10−13\theta<1-10^{-13}, counti…

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Principal (Theorem 1.1): in exact complex linear circuits with arbitrary prechosen coefficients, lim inf⁡nL(n)/(nlog⁡2n)=0\liminf_n L(n)/(n\log_2 n)=0, along lengths that are products of distinct primes, so the unrestricted Ω(nlog⁡n)\Omega(n\log n) lower bound is false. Companion (Theorem 1.1): one deterministic algorithm computes FnxF_nx at every length in O(n(log⁡n)θ(log⁡log⁡n)4−θ)O(n(\log n)^{\theta}(\log\log n)^{4-\theta}) operations with θ<1−10−13\theta<1-10^{-13}, counting scalar preparation and indexing, given one specified root of unity. Neither result concerns bounded coefficients (where Morgenstern's bound stands), numerical stability, bit complexity or finite fields, and the constants are astronomically large.

Principal (Theorem 1.1): in exact complex linear circuits with arbitrary prechosen coefficients, lim inf⁡nL(n)/(nlog⁡2n)=0\liminf_n L(n)/(n\log_2 n)=0, along lengths that are products of distinct primes, so the unrestricted Ω(nlog⁡n)\Omega(n\log n) lower bound is false. Companion (Theorem 1.1): one deterministic algorithm computes FnxF_nx at every length in O(n(log⁡n)θ(log⁡log⁡n)4−θ)O(n(\log n)^{\theta}(\log\log n)^{4-\theta}) operations with θ<1−10−13\theta<1-10^{-13}, counting scalar preparation and indexing, given one specified root of unity. Neither result concerns bounded coefficients (where Morgenstern's bound stands), numerical stability, bit complexity or finite fields, and the constants are astronomically large.

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Does the exact discrete Fourier transform require order n log n operations in unrestricted linear circuits? — Mathematical Frontier Network