combinatorics / Spectral graph theory; expanders

Explicit nonbipartite Ramanujan graphs of every degree

Theorem 1.1: for every d≥3d\ge3 there are n0(d)n_0(d), kdk_d and a deterministic algorithm that, on every even n≥n0(d)n\ge n_0(d), outputs the adjacency list of a simple connected nonbipartite dd-regular graph on nn vertices whose nonconstant eigenvalues lie strictly between ±2d−1\pm2\sqrt{d-1}, in Od(nkd)O_d(n^{k_d}) bit operations. The construction uses partial pairings, deterministic resolvent estimates, cleanup and an exact spectral repair step. It is not strongly explicit (no local adjacency queries), and the exponent may grow with dd.

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combinatoricsSep 23, 2026Significance 36/100Registry: unreviewed

Explicit nonbipartite Ramanujan graphs of every degree

Prior state unknown→proved

Theorem 1.1: for every d≥3d\ge3 there are n0(d)n_0(d), kdk_d and a deterministic algorithm that, on every even n≥n0(d)n\ge n_0(d), outputs the adjacency list of a simple connected nonbipartite dd-regular graph on nn vertices whose nonconstant eigenvalues lie strictly between ±2d−1\pm2\sqrt{d-1}, in Od(nkd)O_d(n^{k_d}) bit operations. The construction uses partial pairings, deterministic resolvent estimates, cleanup and an exact sp…

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Theorem 1.1: for every d≥3d\ge3 there are n0(d)n_0(d), kdk_d and a deterministic algorithm that, on every even n≥n0(d)n\ge n_0(d), outputs the adjacency list of a simple connected nonbipartite dd-regular graph on nn vertices whose nonconstant eigenvalues lie strictly between ±2d−1\pm2\sqrt{d-1}, in Od(nkd)O_d(n^{k_d}) bit operations. The construction uses partial pairings, deterministic resolvent estimates, cleanup and an exact spectral repair step. It is not strongly explicit (no local adjacency queries), and the exponent may grow with dd.

Theorem 1.1: for every d≥3d\ge3 there are n0(d)n_0(d), kdk_d and a deterministic algorithm that, on every even n≥n0(d)n\ge n_0(d), outputs the adjacency list of a simple connected nonbipartite dd-regular graph on nn vertices whose nonconstant eigenvalues lie strictly between ±2d−1\pm2\sqrt{d-1}, in Od(nkd)O_d(n^{k_d}) bit operations. The construction uses partial pairings, deterministic resolvent estimates, cleanup and an exact spectral repair step. It is not strongly explicit (no local adjacency queries), and the exponent may grow with dd.

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Explicit nonbipartite Ramanujan graphs of every degree — Mathematical Frontier Network