combinatorics / Extremal and probabilistic combinatorics: Ramsey numbers

The logarithmic exponent of the off-diagonal Ramsey numbers r(s,t) for fixed s at least 5

For every fixed s≥5s\ge5: there is CsC_s such that for every ε>0\varepsilon>0 and all large tt, ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2+ε≤r(s,t)≤Csts−1/(log⁡t)s−2t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2+\varepsilon}\le r(s,t)\le C_s t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2}, so r(s,t)=ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2+o(1)r(s,t)=t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2+o(1)} and the classical upper bound is sharp up to (log⁡t)o(1)(\log t)^{o(1)}. The lower bound comes from a random ordered point-hyperplane flag graph in PG(s−1,q)\mathrm{PG}(s-1,q) (Bradac's construction) with a new entropy and compression analysis of its independent sets. It does NOT give r(s,t)=Θ(ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2)r(s,t)=\Theta(t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2}), and it does not cover s=4s=4, where the gap between t3/(log⁡t)4t^3/(\log t)^4 and t3/(log⁡t)2t^3/(\log t)^2 remains.

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combinatoricsSep 24, 2026Significance 44/100Registry: lean checked

The logarithmic exponent of the off-diagonal Ramsey numbers r(s,t) for fixed s at least 5

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For every fixed s≥5s\ge5: there is CsC_s such that for every ε>0\varepsilon>0 and all large tt, ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2+ε≤r(s,t)≤Csts−1/(log⁡t)s−2t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2+\varepsilon}\le r(s,t)\le C_s t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2}, so r(s,t)=ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2+o(1)r(s,t)=t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2+o(1)} and the classical upper bound is sharp up to (log⁡t)o(1)(\log t)^{o(1)}. The lower bound comes from a random ordered point-hyperplane flag graph in PG(s−1,q)\mathrm{PG}(s-1,q) (Bradac's construction) with a new entropy and…

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For every fixed s≥5s\ge5: there is CsC_s such that for every ε>0\varepsilon>0 and all large tt, ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2+ε≤r(s,t)≤Csts−1/(log⁡t)s−2t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2+\varepsilon}\le r(s,t)\le C_s t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2}, so r(s,t)=ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2+o(1)r(s,t)=t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2+o(1)} and the classical upper bound is sharp up to (log⁡t)o(1)(\log t)^{o(1)}. The lower bound comes from a random ordered point-hyperplane flag graph in PG(s−1,q)\mathrm{PG}(s-1,q) (Bradac's construction) with a new entropy and compression analysis of its independent sets. It does NOT give r(s,t)=Θ(ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2)r(s,t)=\Theta(t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2}), and it does not cover s=4s=4, where the gap between t3/(log⁡t)4t^3/(\log t)^4 and t3/(log⁡t)2t^3/(\log t)^2 remains.

For every fixed s≥5s\ge5: there is CsC_s such that for every ε>0\varepsilon>0 and all large tt, ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2+ε≤r(s,t)≤Csts−1/(log⁡t)s−2t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2+\varepsilon}\le r(s,t)\le C_s t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2}, so r(s,t)=ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2+o(1)r(s,t)=t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2+o(1)} and the classical upper bound is sharp up to (log⁡t)o(1)(\log t)^{o(1)}. The lower bound comes from a random ordered point-hyperplane flag graph in PG(s−1,q)\mathrm{PG}(s-1,q) (Bradac's construction) with a new entropy and compression analysis of its independent sets. It does NOT give r(s,t)=Θ(ts−1/(log⁡t)s−2)r(s,t)=\Theta(t^{s-1}/(\log t)^{s-2}), and it does not cover s=4s=4, where the gap between t3/(log⁡t)4t^3/(\log t)^4 and t3/(log⁡t)2t^3/(\log t)^2 remains.

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The logarithmic exponent of the off-diagonal Ramsey numbers r(s,t) for fixed s at least 5 — Mathematical Frontier Network