quantum-information-computing / Quantum channels: PPT maps and entanglement breaking

The PPT-squared conjecture: is the composition of two PPT channels always entanglement breaking?

Theorem 1.3: there is an explicit trace-preserving PPT channel Θ\Theta on M21(C)M_{21}(\mathbb C) with Θ∘Θ\Theta\circ\Theta not entanglement breaking, answering the 2012 channel question negatively with the same channel in both slots. Theorem 1.2: explicit PPT maps Φ1,Φ2\Phi_1,\Phi_2 on M10(C)M_{10}(\mathbb C) (not trace preserving) whose composition has nonzero Choi matrix with no product vector in its range, refuting the unrestricted two-map Conjecture IV.1. The same pair yields the zero-key entangled state of the companion entry. Not shown: minimal dimensions, or whether every PPT channel becomes entanglement breaking after three compositions (the PPT-cubed question).

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quantum-information-computingSep 27, 2026Significance 36/100Registry: lean checked

The PPT-squared conjecture: is the composition of two PPT channels always entanglement breaking?

Prior state unknown→disproved

Theorem 1.3: there is an explicit trace-preserving PPT channel Θ\Theta on M21(C)M_{21}(\mathbb C) with Θ∘Θ\Theta\circ\Theta not entanglement breaking, answering the 2012 channel question negatively with the same channel in both slots. Theorem 1.2: explicit PPT maps Φ1,Φ2\Phi_1,\Phi_2 on M10(C)M_{10}(\mathbb C) (not trace preserving) whose composition has nonzero Choi matrix with no product vector in its range, refuting the unr…

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Theorem 1.3: there is an explicit trace-preserving PPT channel Θ\Theta on M21(C)M_{21}(\mathbb C) with Θ∘Θ\Theta\circ\Theta not entanglement breaking, answering the 2012 channel question negatively with the same channel in both slots. Theorem 1.2: explicit PPT maps Φ1,Φ2\Phi_1,\Phi_2 on M10(C)M_{10}(\mathbb C) (not trace preserving) whose composition has nonzero Choi matrix with no product vector in its range, refuting the unrestricted two-map Conjecture IV.1. The same pair yields the zero-key entangled state of the companion entry. Not shown: minimal dimensions, or whether every PPT channel becomes entanglement breaking after three compositions (the PPT-cubed question).

Theorem 1.3: there is an explicit trace-preserving PPT channel Θ\Theta on M21(C)M_{21}(\mathbb C) with Θ∘Θ\Theta\circ\Theta not entanglement breaking, answering the 2012 channel question negatively with the same channel in both slots. Theorem 1.2: explicit PPT maps Φ1,Φ2\Phi_1,\Phi_2 on M10(C)M_{10}(\mathbb C) (not trace preserving) whose composition has nonzero Choi matrix with no product vector in its range, refuting the unrestricted two-map Conjecture IV.1. The same pair yields the zero-key entangled state of the companion entry. Not shown: minimal dimensions, or whether every PPT channel becomes entanglement breaking after three compositions (the PPT-cubed question).

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