analysis / Partial Differential Equations

Rivière’s regularity question for critical nn-Laplace systems with antisymmetric potentials

For every n>2n>2, the paper constructs a bounded map U∈W1,n(Bn,Rn+2)U\in W^{1,n}(B^n,\mathbb{R}^{n+2}), smooth on Bn∖{0}B^n\setminus\{0\} but discontinuous at the origin, together with an antisymmetric potential Ω∈Ln(Bn,so(n+2)⊗Rn) \Omega\in L^n(B^n,so(n+2)\otimes\mathbb{R}^n) such that −Div(∣∇U∣n−2∇U)=Ω⋅∣∇U∣n−2∇Uin D′(Bn). -\mathrm{Div}\bigl(|\nabla U|^{n-2}\nabla U\bigr) = \Omega\cdot|\nabla U|^{n-2}\nabla U \qquad\text{in }D'(B^n). Moreover, the potential satisfies the sharper Lorentz-space regularity Ω∈⋂q>2L(n,q)∖L(n,2), \Omega\in\bigcap_{q>2}L^{(n,q)}\setminus L^{(n,2)}, and, for any prescribed 1<p<∞1<p<\infty, the construction can be arranged so that ∇U∈L(n,p)but∇U∉L(n,1). \nabla U\in L^{(n,p)} \qquad\text{but}\qquad \nabla U\notin L^{(n,1)}. This gives a negative answer to Rivière’s general regularity question for critical nn-Laplace systems with antisymmetric LnL^n potentials: antisymmetry and critical LnL^n control alone do not imply continuity.

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analysisAug 5, 2026Significance 30/100Registry: unreviewed

Rivière’s regularity question for critical nn-Laplace systems with antisymmetric potentials

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For every n>2n>2, the paper constructs a bounded map U∈W1,n(Bn,Rn+2)U\in W^{1,n}(B^n,\mathbb{R}^{n+2}), smooth on Bn∖{0}B^n\setminus\{0\} but discontinuous at the origin, together with an antisymmetric potential Ω∈Ln(Bn,so(n+2)⊗Rn) \Omega\in L^n(B^n,so(n+2)\otimes\mathbb{R}^n) such that −Div(∣∇U∣n−2∇U)=Ω⋅∣∇U∣n−2∇Uin D′(Bn). -\mathrm{Div}\bigl(|\nabla U|^{n-2}\nabla U\bigr) = \Omega\cdot|\nabla U|^{n-2}\nabla U \qquad\text{in }D'(B^n). Moreover, the potential satisfies the sh…

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For every n>2n>2, the paper constructs a bounded map U∈W1,n(Bn,Rn+2)U\in W^{1,n}(B^n,\mathbb{R}^{n+2}), smooth on Bn∖{0}B^n\setminus\{0\} but discontinuous at the origin, together with an antisymmetric potential Ω∈Ln(Bn,so(n+2)⊗Rn) \Omega\in L^n(B^n,so(n+2)\otimes\mathbb{R}^n) such that −Div(∣∇U∣n−2∇U)=Ω⋅∣∇U∣n−2∇Uin D′(Bn). -\mathrm{Div}\bigl(|\nabla U|^{n-2}\nabla U\bigr) = \Omega\cdot|\nabla U|^{n-2}\nabla U \qquad\text{in }D'(B^n). Moreover, the potential satisfies the sharper Lorentz-space regularity Ω∈⋂q>2L(n,q)∖L(n,2), \Omega\in\bigcap_{q>2}L^{(n,q)}\setminus L^{(n,2)}, and, for any prescribed 1<p<∞1<p<\infty, the construction can be arranged so that ∇U∈L(n,p)but∇U∉L(n,1). \nabla U\in L^{(n,p)} \qquad\text{but}\qquad \nabla U\notin L^{(n,1)}. This gives a negative answer to Rivière’s general regularity question for critical nn-Laplace systems with antisymmetric LnL^n potentials: antisymmetry and critical LnL^n control alone do not imply continuity.

For every n>2n>2, the paper constructs a bounded map U∈W1,n(Bn,Rn+2)U\in W^{1,n}(B^n,\mathbb{R}^{n+2}), smooth on Bn∖{0}B^n\setminus\{0\} but discontinuous at the origin, together with an antisymmetric potential Ω∈Ln(Bn,so(n+2)⊗Rn) \Omega\in L^n(B^n,so(n+2)\otimes\mathbb{R}^n) such that −Div(∣∇U∣n−2∇U)=Ω⋅∣∇U∣n−2∇Uin D′(Bn). -\mathrm{Div}\bigl(|\nabla U|^{n-2}\nabla U\bigr) = \Omega\cdot|\nabla U|^{n-2}\nabla U \qquad\text{in }D'(B^n). Moreover, the potential satisfies the sharper Lorentz-space regularity Ω∈⋂q>2L(n,q)∖L(n,2), \Omega\in\bigcap_{q>2}L^{(n,q)}\setminus L^{(n,2)}, and, for any prescribed 1<p<∞1<p<\infty, the construction can be arranged so that ∇U∈L(n,p)but∇U∉L(n,1). \nabla U\in L^{(n,p)} \qquad\text{but}\qquad \nabla U\notin L^{(n,1)}. This gives a negative answer to Rivière’s general regularity question for critical nn-Laplace systems with antisymmetric LnL^n potentials: antisymmetry and critical LnL^n control alone do not imply continuity.

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