theoretical-computer-science / Proof complexity; resolution over parities

An exponential lower bound for the bit pigeonhole principle in resolution over parities

Claimed: for every l>=32l >= 32, any dag-like Res(⊕)\mathrm{Res}(\oplus) refutation of the bit pigeonhole principle with 2l+12^l + 1 pigeons and n=2ln = 2^l holes has more than exp(n/(32768l2))=2Ω(n/log2n)exp(n/(32768 l^2)) = 2^{\Omega(n/log^2 n)} nodes; exponential in the number of holes up to a log2log^2 factor, for a proof system with no regularity or depth restriction. The whitepaper's route is a transfer to degree-O(logn)O(log n) polynomial calculus. Candidate: kernel-checked, read by no specialist.

35Significance / 100
1Frontier events
0Verification tasks
0Recorded attempts

Temporal state

Current frontier

No reconciled state yet.

Append-only history

Frontier timeline

theoretical-computer-scienceSep 15, 2026Significance 35/100Registry: lean verified

An exponential lower bound for the bit pigeonhole principle in resolution over parities

Prior state unknown→proved

Claimed: for every l>=32l >= 32, any dag-like Res(⊕)\mathrm{Res}(\oplus) refutation of the bit pigeonhole principle with 2l+12^l + 1 pigeons and n=2ln = 2^l holes has more than exp(n/(32768l2))=2Ω(n/log2n)exp(n/(32768 l^2)) = 2^{\Omega(n/log^2 n)} nodes; exponential in the number of holes up to a log2log^2 factor, for a proof system with no regularity or depth restriction. The whitepaper's route is a transfer to degree-O(logn)O(log n) polynomial calculus. Can…

SourceReplayReproducedFormal proofStatement auditExternal checkExpert reviewPeer review

Research memory

Claims and attempts

Scoped claims

Source authenticated

Claimed: for every l>=32l >= 32, any dag-like Res(⊕)\mathrm{Res}(\oplus) refutation of the bit pigeonhole principle with 2l+12^l + 1 pigeons and n=2ln = 2^l holes has more than exp(n/(32768l2))=2Ω(n/log2n)exp(n/(32768 l^2)) = 2^{\Omega(n/log^2 n)} nodes; exponential in the number of holes up to a log2log^2 factor, for a proof system with no regularity or depth restriction. The whitepaper's route is a transfer to degree-O(logn)O(log n) polynomial calculus. Candidate: kernel-checked, read by no specialist.

Claimed: for every l>=32l >= 32, any dag-like Res(⊕)\mathrm{Res}(\oplus) refutation of the bit pigeonhole principle with 2l+12^l + 1 pigeons and n=2ln = 2^l holes has more than exp(n/(32768l2))=2Ω(n/log2n)exp(n/(32768 l^2)) = 2^{\Omega(n/log^2 n)} nodes; exponential in the number of holes up to a log2log^2 factor, for a proof system with no regularity or depth restriction. The whitepaper's route is a transfer to degree-O(logn)O(log n) polynomial calculus. Candidate: kernel-checked, read by no specialist.

Recorded attempts

Evidence graph

Connected research record

An exponential lower bound for the bit pigeonhole principle in resolution over parities — Mathematical Frontier Network