analysis / Functional analysis; geometry of Banach spaces

Tingley's problem: does every surjective isometry between unit spheres of Banach spaces extend to a linear isometry?

Theorem 1.1: if X,YX,Y are nonzero real Banach spaces and f:SX→SYf:S_X\to S_Y is a surjective isometry, then T(0)=0T(0)=0, T(x)=∥x∥f(x/∥x∥)T(x)=\|x\|f(x/\|x\|) is a surjective real-linear isometry, the unique linear extension of ff. No separability, reflexivity, smoothness, strict convexity or finite-dimensionality is assumed. For complex spaces only real linearity is concluded. The proof uses a maximal-defect argument, common supports and Darbo's fixed-point theorem. Incomplete normed spaces are not treated.

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analysisSep 23, 2026Significance 38/100Registry: lean checked

Tingley's problem: does every surjective isometry between unit spheres of Banach spaces extend to a linear isometry?

Prior state unknown→proved

Theorem 1.1: if X,YX,Y are nonzero real Banach spaces and f:SX→SYf:S_X\to S_Y is a surjective isometry, then T(0)=0T(0)=0, T(x)=∥x∥f(x/∥x∥)T(x)=\|x\|f(x/\|x\|) is a surjective real-linear isometry, the unique linear extension of ff. No separability, reflexivity, smoothness, strict convexity or finite-dimensionality is assumed. For complex spaces only real linearity is concluded. The proof uses a maximal-defect argument, common supports an…

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Theorem 1.1: if X,YX,Y are nonzero real Banach spaces and f:SX→SYf:S_X\to S_Y is a surjective isometry, then T(0)=0T(0)=0, T(x)=∥x∥f(x/∥x∥)T(x)=\|x\|f(x/\|x\|) is a surjective real-linear isometry, the unique linear extension of ff. No separability, reflexivity, smoothness, strict convexity or finite-dimensionality is assumed. For complex spaces only real linearity is concluded. The proof uses a maximal-defect argument, common supports and Darbo's fixed-point theorem. Incomplete normed spaces are not treated.

Theorem 1.1: if X,YX,Y are nonzero real Banach spaces and f:SX→SYf:S_X\to S_Y is a surjective isometry, then T(0)=0T(0)=0, T(x)=∥x∥f(x/∥x∥)T(x)=\|x\|f(x/\|x\|) is a surjective real-linear isometry, the unique linear extension of ff. No separability, reflexivity, smoothness, strict convexity or finite-dimensionality is assumed. For complex spaces only real linearity is concluded. The proof uses a maximal-defect argument, common supports and Darbo's fixed-point theorem. Incomplete normed spaces are not treated.

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