number-theory / Completed Hecke algebras; p-adic Langlands for GL2 over Q

Pro-modularity at p = 2: odd absolutely irreducible 2-adic representations occur in the completed Hecke algebra (auxiliary tame level allowed)

Theorem 1.1: for every continuous, odd, absolutely irreducible r:GQ→GL2(E)r:G_{\mathbb Q}\to\mathrm{GL}_2(E), E/Q2E/\mathbb Q_2 finite, unramified outside finitely many primes, there are an odd NN divisible by the odd ramified primes and a continuous λ:T2(N)→OE\lambda:\mathbb T_2(N)\to\mathcal O_E with λ(Tℓ)=tr r(Frobℓ)\lambda(T_\ell)=\mathrm{tr}\,r(\mathrm{Frob}_\ell) and λ(ℓSℓ)=det⁡r(Frobℓ)\lambda(\ell S_\ell)=\det r(\mathrm{Frob}_\ell) for ℓ∤2N\ell\nmid2N. Scalar and reducible residual representations are allowed; no de Rham hypothesis. It is an occurrence result and does not assert classical modularity; the tame level may contain auxiliary primes, unlike Emerton's formulation.

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number-theoryOct 4, 2026Significance 22/100Registry: unreviewed

Pro-modularity at p = 2: odd absolutely irreducible 2-adic representations occur in the completed Hecke algebra (auxiliary tame level allowed)

Prior state unknown→proved

Theorem 1.1: for every continuous, odd, absolutely irreducible r:GQ→GL2(E)r:G_{\mathbb Q}\to\mathrm{GL}_2(E), E/Q2E/\mathbb Q_2 finite, unramified outside finitely many primes, there are an odd NN divisible by the odd ramified primes and a continuous λ:T2(N)→OE\lambda:\mathbb T_2(N)\to\mathcal O_E with λ(Tℓ)=tr r(Frobℓ)\lambda(T_\ell)=\mathrm{tr}\,r(\mathrm{Frob}_\ell) and λ(ℓSℓ)=det⁡r(Frobℓ)\lambda(\ell S_\ell)=\det r(\mathrm{Frob}_\ell) for ℓ∤2N\ell\nmid2N. Scalar…

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Theorem 1.1: for every continuous, odd, absolutely irreducible r:GQ→GL2(E)r:G_{\mathbb Q}\to\mathrm{GL}_2(E), E/Q2E/\mathbb Q_2 finite, unramified outside finitely many primes, there are an odd NN divisible by the odd ramified primes and a continuous λ:T2(N)→OE\lambda:\mathbb T_2(N)\to\mathcal O_E with λ(Tℓ)=tr r(Frobℓ)\lambda(T_\ell)=\mathrm{tr}\,r(\mathrm{Frob}_\ell) and λ(ℓSℓ)=det⁡r(Frobℓ)\lambda(\ell S_\ell)=\det r(\mathrm{Frob}_\ell) for ℓ∤2N\ell\nmid2N. Scalar and reducible residual representations are allowed; no de Rham hypothesis. It is an occurrence result and does not assert classical modularity; the tame level may contain auxiliary primes, unlike Emerton's formulation.

Theorem 1.1: for every continuous, odd, absolutely irreducible r:GQ→GL2(E)r:G_{\mathbb Q}\to\mathrm{GL}_2(E), E/Q2E/\mathbb Q_2 finite, unramified outside finitely many primes, there are an odd NN divisible by the odd ramified primes and a continuous λ:T2(N)→OE\lambda:\mathbb T_2(N)\to\mathcal O_E with λ(Tℓ)=tr r(Frobℓ)\lambda(T_\ell)=\mathrm{tr}\,r(\mathrm{Frob}_\ell) and λ(ℓSℓ)=det⁡r(Frobℓ)\lambda(\ell S_\ell)=\det r(\mathrm{Frob}_\ell) for ℓ∤2N\ell\nmid2N. Scalar and reducible residual representations are allowed; no de Rham hypothesis. It is an occurrence result and does not assert classical modularity; the tame level may contain auxiliary primes, unlike Emerton's formulation.

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Pro-modularity at p = 2: odd absolutely irreducible 2-adic representations occur in the completed Hecke algebra (auxiliary tame level allowed) — Mathematical Frontier Network