Jacobian Conjecture
n ≥ 3; plane case open
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n ≥ 3; plane case open
Conjectured upper bound on how many pairs among $n$ points in the plane can be exactly one unit apart.
Two independent proofs within eight days, both with AI in the loop. Jin's (posted 27 July, preprints.org, submitted to Annals) is the first: its decisive theorem came out of an autonomous GPT-5.6 Sol run, and it is the proof Townsend, Greenbaum and Crouzeix have checked. Lorist and Schwenninger's five-page argument (arXiv, 4 August) is a genuinely different route - double-layer potentials plus a perturbation lemma…
Can the critical-exponent relation $a + b = 1$ at the jamming transition, observed numerically to high precision in the full replica-symmetry-breaking solution of hard spheres, be derived analytically from the scaling equations?
Verified by author of the conjecture
Does the Hodge bundle $\Omega_g$ over the moduli stack of genus $g \ge 2$ curves contain any nontrivial sub-bundles? Posed by Dawei Chen around 2015; the answer is no.
Ji, Li and Wang conjectured in 2024 that every parallel chip-firing game on a finite connected graph whose chip count lies strictly between $2|E|-|V|$ and $2|E|$ has period exactly 2, generalizing the middle rung of Levine's devil's staircase from complete graphs to all graphs. Known before only for trees, cycles, complete and complete bipartite graphs.
For the switch-walk-switch lamplighter walk on $\mathbb{Z}_2 \wr T_d$, prove the sharp asymptotic $p_{2n}(e,e) = \rho_d^{2n} \exp[-(\pi^2 (\log(d-1))^2 + o(1)) \frac{n}{\log^2 n}]$ with $\rho_d = \frac{2\sqrt{d-1}}{d}$.
For the switch-walk-switch walk on $\mathbb{Z}_2 \wr \mathbb{Z}$ started at $(0,0)$ and $(0,2)$, prove $\|P_t^x - P_t^y\|_{TV} \asymp t^{-1/2}$.
capacity alone does not determine the invariant; the zero-measure clause is a separate open question
the strongest form is disproved via configurations where every point sees at most about 3n/4 distinct distances; the weaker improvement remains open
For a semistable one-parameter family of complex projective varieties with smooth nearby fiber $X_t$ and monodromy $T$, is the map $H^1(X, \mathbb{Z}) \to H^1(X_t, \mathbb{Z})^T$ surjective? True in degree one, although the integral statement fails in higher degree.